Epigenetics in Alcohol Use Disorder and Its Comorbidity with Anxiety

Paper Summary

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a global health concern that often coexists with anxiety, making treatment complex. This literature review explores how epigenetic changes, particularly gene-specific DNA methylation, impact AUD and its comorbidity with anxiety. Chronic alcohol intake disrupts the HPA axis and alters stress response pathways by modifying key genes such as BDNF and NR3C1. These changes reduce synaptic plasticity and impair glucocorticoid receptor function, leading to heightened stress and anxiety. The paper highlights how ethanol-induced neuroadaptations in the brain, especially in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, further complicate AUD’s effects. While animal studies have offered valuable insights, the paper points out the limitations of these models and the need for human-based, demographically controlled research. Differences in brain region focus and conflicting data on glucocorticoid levels underscore the complexity of AUD’s biological underpinnings. Future research should aim to clarify these inconsistencies and advance targeted treatments through a deeper understanding of epigenetic mechanisms