Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance of Trauma: Impact of Holocaust Experiences on Subsequent Generation

Paper Summary

The Holocaust left deep psychological scars on survivors, but its effects may also extend biologically to their children. This literature review explores how trauma experienced during the Holocaust can be passed down to the next generation through a process called epigenetic inheritance. It focuses on how changes in certain genes related to stress response, such as NR3C1 and FKBP5, may be linked to increased risk of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (c-PTSD) in the children of survivors. Research shows patterns of gene changes—specifically in how genes are switched on or off—can be inherited. However, results across studies vary, and limitations such as small sample sizes and the use of blood samples instead of brain tissue make conclusions difficult. Still, the evidence suggests a strong link between historical trauma and present-day mental health. More research is needed to better understand these effects and explore ways to reduce inherited trauma across generations.